Executive Summary

The Curved Theory of Existence, or CTE, is a Grand Unification Theory comprised of three laws, which when followed, allows the quantification of existence as different manifestations of the same underlying property.

The First Law of CTE describes this property as the opposition of the Universe to curvature. Part of the proof of CTE demonstrates how the effects of this property are indistinguishable from gravity.

The Second Law of CTE states that the quantification of existence, relative to its underlying property, is curvature, and that all charge, matter, forces and energy can be completely described by functions which describe this curvature. Such representations of curvature are far more complex than would be required to satisfy just the considerations of gravity. They have a magnitude, a phase as well as static and dynamic components.

The Third Law of CTE, Conservation of Curvature, prevents the First Law from squashing out the existence quantified by the Second Law. This requires the existence of anticurvature, which is complementary to curvature generally having an equal and opposite magnitude. The difference between them is that curvature only exists only in the past and anticurvature exists only in the future. Existence itself is the sum of the past, the future and the present. Anticurvature doesn't actually exist very far into the future. For example, in a photon, it never needs to be more than about 1/2 of a Compton period ahead.

To fully understand CTE, a small change in the underlying nature of space-time must be recognized. CTE considers space-time a consequence of existence (curvature), rather than a container of existence. Consider that our perception at the scale of a foot, represents 1 light nanosecond away, but as a record of history, is no different than 1 light year away, except for how long ago the recorded events occurred. The fabric of space-time is simply a record of all history everywhere.

Curvature and anticurvature are formally quantified as general tensors. An easier way to visualize their physical significance is to consider two small spherical regions of space, one which is curved and the other which is anticurved. Both regions of space are completely contained within a much larger, relatively flat reference frame. To be equal and opposite, the size of both regions, as measured from the containing reference frame, must be the same. In addition, if the radius measured from the top level reference frame is N and the test regions are curved and anticurved by a factor of M, the radius measured from inside the curved region will be N*M while the radius measured from inside the anticurved region will be N/M.

The proof shows how photons must be comprised of equal and opposite amounts of curvature and anticurvature, shows how the Universes opposition to curvature manifests itself as gravity and quantifies this opposition, as required by the First Law.

For particles, the anticurvature is on the inside and the curvature is on the outside. For antiparticles, this is reversed. For photons, the curvature and anticurvature are symmetricly visible from the observation frame. Charge may be considered a local violation of the Third Law which results in an asymmetric, time varying component of curvature. With regard to time, anticurvature represents the future, curvature represents the past, the boundary between them is the present and the arrow of time points away from the anticurvature and towards the curvature. The phase of the curvature represents the phase difference between space and time, relative to the speed of light. In curved space, time is ahead of space and in anticurved space, space is ahead of time. Rather than space-time being warped in the presense of matter, space-time is a consequence of existence as quantified by curvature. The apparent warping of space-time is the sum of the curvature contributed by all of the constituent components of existence. The basic underlying concept is that curvature is the most fundamental form of existence. The key leap of logic required to understand the theory is the consideration of space-time as a consequence of curvature and not as a container of curvature.

The unification of forces comes about by considering that all existence has a boundary between its curvature and anticurvature called the SOE, or Surface of Existence. The SOE is a region of relative zero curvature which can trace its ancestry back to before the Big Bang. All forces acting on manifestations of existence can be quantified by the local differences in the rate of change (in time and space) of the ambient curvature integrated across its SOE. The static components of curvature are responsible for gravity and the strong force, while the phase relationships of time varying components are responsible for charge and the weak force. The unification with QCD comes about by recognizing that while the SOE occupies a finite amount of space, it occupies a singular point in time representing the present. This is the basis for a derivation of the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle from CTE considerations. SOE's can be considered as being hierarchical, where individual protons and neutrons have an SOE and the atomic nucleus has its own SOE. When local zeros in the time varying components are considered, atoms with electron shells have an SOE, molecules have an SOE and even macroscopic SOE's are possible.

(C) 1997-2004 George White, All Rights Reserved
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